UEFI partition repair after Windows update for dual-boot

1. Boot from a Live-USB

2. List the partitions

 fdisk -l

3. Mount Linux including /boot, EFI and special Live-USB (/dev /dev/pts /proc /sys) partitions under /mnt

 mount /dev/sda7 /mnt
 mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/boot
 mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot/efi
 mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
 mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
 mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
 mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

4. Change root to /mnt

 chroot /mnt

5. Configure and install grub

 update-grub
 grub-install
 exit
 reboot